factory emissions

The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

Apr 17, 2024 | , , , ,

There are 195 signatories to the Paris Agreement to limit their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, though some including the EU and UK have undertaken to cut carbon emissions faster than others.

The EU’s Emissions Trading System (ETS) continuously expands to include new sectors to encourage industrial decarbonisation. However, it also drives carbon prices upwards, which risks carbon leakage if consumers switch from buying EU-produced goods to purchasing substitutes from non-EU countries, that have lower emission requirements.

To combat this, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) came into place on 17th May 2023 and is expected to be fully implemented by 2026. It is designed to counter the risk of carbon leakage by imposing a charge on the embedded carbon content of certain imports that is equal to the charge imposed on domestic goods under the ETS.

The UK CBAM is about a year behind the EU’s version and means that specified goods imported into the UK from countries with a lower or no carbon price will have to pay a levy by 2027.

Like the EU CBAM, unprepared businesses who import or export to the UK could face higher costs and carbon reporting challenges.

The UK CBAM is designed to tackle the most carbon-intensive industrial goods imported to the UK, by putting a price on the carbon footprint of the manufacture of products in the aluminium, cement, ceramics, fertiliser, glass, hydrogen, iron and steel sectors, with a consultation currently determining the precise list of products in the CBAM’s scope.

The consultation launched on 21st March 2024 and seeks views on proposals for the design and administration of CBAM. It is available on this LINK and closes on 13th of June.

The calculation of UK CBAM certificate price will be based on the carbon footprint of imported goods. Companies exporting to the UK will be required to pay a carbon price, reflecting the difference between the carbon price in the country of origin (if applicable) and the UK’s carbon price (which is currently one of the highest of all major trading partners).

The measurement of emissions for UK CBAM reporting is likely to be similar to the EU’s methodology for calculating CBAM emissions and declaring CBAM emissions.

In addition to the upcoming UK CBAM for imported goods, the UK already requires companies to report their carbon information through the Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) policy.

Our MVT Eco module measures and monitors the emissions of every shipment, by every mode, with offsetting alternatives, so our customers can work towards carbon neutrality in their global supply chain. 

The MVT Eco module incorporates powerful reporting tools, which may be adapted to measure liabilities under the ETS and CBAM regimes.

To request an MVT Eco demo or to discuss any of the issues raised here, please EMAIL our CCO Andrew Smith.

China car factory parking lot

China dumping fears growing

Feb 21, 2024 | , , , , , , ,

The United States is voicing increasing concerns that Chinese manufacturing overcapacity will hit world markets, while the EU launched an anti-dumping investigation into China’s EV industry last year.

Senior US Treasury officials told the Financial Times this week that a visiting US delegation made its concerns clear that Chinese policies are focused on supply and that overcapacity will hit world markets.

The US is most concerned about advanced manufacturing and clean energy sectors such as electric vehicles, solar panels and lithium-ion batteries, while the EU has already launched its own anti-subsidy probe into imports of Chinese electric vehicles.

Chinese brands exported 280,000 vehicles to the EU in the first ten months of last year, with BYD, China’s biggest EV maker, selling 526,400 EVs globally last year. Yet the carmaker wants to increase its sales in Europe to 10% of global volumes by 2030, equal to 800,000 vehicles a year.

Elon Musk has already gone on record to say that China’s EVs are extremely good and that if there are no trade barriers established, they will pretty much demolish most other car companies in the world.

However, exports from China have been affected by RoRo capacity shortages, with BYD among the manufacturers that have commissioned their own RoRo vessels.

The EU launched its anti-subsidy probe into China’s EV industry last year, alongside several other investigations into allegedly unfair Chinese trade practices, including punitive tariffs on imports of plastic for bottles and opening a probe into suspected dumping of biofuel.

China has launched reciprocal anti-dumping investigations and their commerce ministry this month announced plans to support the healthy development of overseas EV expansion, with BYD planning to build an assembly plant in Hungary.

The Chinese point to the fact that the US Inflation Reduction Act makes it cost-prohibitive to import Chinese lithium batteries and EVs, while nearly one-third of Chinese EV exports last year were cars of Elon Musk’s US company Tesla, produced at its factory in Shanghai.

And while US Treasury secretary Janet Yellen is expected to raise Chinese overcapacity with her G20 counterparts when they meet in São Paulo later this month, western manufacturers are facing US pressure to sever links with China following claims of forced labour in its supply chain.

US Customs impounded several thousand new VW vehicles because a Chinese subcomponent is alleged to have been manufactured in breach of forced labour laws.

And while we have seen significant spikes in demand from Thailand and Vietnam, with fashion brands in particular diversifying sourcing, there is still a huge proportion of the global supply chain reliant on China.

While leading global brands including Apple, Samsung, Sony and Adidas have shifted some production out of China, it only represents an incremental shift and it is clear that they are not leaving the region.

We continue to monitor the diversifying growth in production around south-east Asian countries, Latin America and EMEA, to support our customers’ diversification and sourcing strategies.

We have fixed price and long-term global capacity agreements in place with sea and air carrier partners, to support all your sourcing requirements with resilient, consistent and reliable supply chain solutions.

Our cloud-based supply chain management platform, MVT, simplifies global sourcing and vendor management, by making every milestone and participant in the supply chain transparent and controllable, down to individual SKU level.

EMAIL Andrew Smith to review our current freight profile movements to and from China and Asia.

wing merro dusk

Supply chain; a year in review

Dec 19, 2023 | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,

2023 was supposed to be the year that global supply chains bounced back from pandemic lockdowns and factory shutdowns, trade wars, tariffs and war in Europe, but now container shipping is disrupted by attacks in the Red Sea and restrictions on the Panama Canal.

The COVID pandemic and its aftermath, with supply-side fluctuations, shipping delays and port congestion created a logistics storm so brutal that many wondered if supply chains would ever recover.

The dramatic increase in consumer spending during the pandemic that left shippers scrambling for air, road and sea space, quickly fell away at the beginning of the year as consumers faced potential recession and a cost of living crisis.

That fall in demand provided the breathing space for carriers and ports to resolve their capacity and performance issues, clear backlogs and reposition equipment effectively, with markets reverting to pre-pandemic levels in terms of capacity and pricing.

The uncertainties surrounding tariffs, trade wars and geopolitical tensions remain, but there has been no significant move away from China, though we are seeing some diversification of sourcing, with Vietnam and Bangladesh - among other origins - increasingly popular.

While container shipping demand fell away the global shortage of RoRo capacity for finished vehicle shipments led to some car manufacturers to acquire their own vessel assets, while others looked to our containerised shipping solutions, for cheaper sea freight movement and certainty of service.

On the air freight front, having joined the Air France, KLM, Martinair Cargo Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) programme in 2022, we were extremely pleased to support their second sustainable flight challenge in the summer, which was followed a few months later by the first transatlantic SAF-powered crossing, accelerating the transition to a more sustainable airline industry.

Metro’s road freight division has grown significantly in 2023, with more team members joining our UK Birmingham HQ and new support operations located close by manufacturing hubs in Desford and Wythenshawe.

Under new leadership the road freight team have increased European FTL/LTL capability, adding more lanes and expanded our groupage offering, alongside the increasingly popular European Distribution (EU/DDP) solutions. 

As the UK deferred post-Brexit food checks for the 5th time, to avoid adding to food inflation, the EU expanded its Emissions Trading System to the container shipping sector, in a move that will cost carriers, and by extension shippers, $Billions from the start of 2024.

In a move that took the market by surprise (but shouldn’t have) the European Commission announced that it would not renew the container shipping sector’s Consortia Block Exemption to operating alliances in 2024.

Despite the initial panic, it is likely that the EC’s decision will have little real impact, particularly as the Maersk and MSC 2M alliance was already ending, with the others likely to reorganise into new structures.

With 2024 just weeks away, scheduled Trans-Pacific and Asia to North Europe container shipping capacity was up 30% and 10%, raising fears of a massive blank sailing program to try and support rates, but now, with the Suez Canal transit suspended and Panama Canal disruption, we may see increased rates and delays, with air freight’s popularity rising.

We are hopeful that the US and coalition navies can restore maritime security quickly, because the prolonged re-routing of vessels away from the Suez Canal, via the Cape of Good Hope will increase transit times and costs, with a massive reduction in available capacity and a return to equipment imbalances.

Whatever challenges 2024 may bring, you can rest assured that we will keep you informed and protected, because we always have your back covered.

Antwerp

EU-ETS surcharge latest

Dec 6, 2023 | , ,

From the 1st January 2024 the market-based mechanism to tackle greenhouse gas emissions within the European Union known as the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) will be extended to shipping, triggering new emission linked surcharges.

EU ETS sets an annual absolute limit on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and requires the purchase of allowances for emissions known as EU Allowances (EUAs) by the shipping lines.

The inclusion of shipping in the EU ETS aims to create financial incentives for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting a transition to more sustainable practices. 

There will be a phased implementation of carbon pricing for shipping with carriers required to submit allowances equivalent to a portion of their emissions:

2024; submit allowances for 40% of verified emissions
2025; submit allowances for 70% of verified emissions
From 2026; submit allowances for 100% of verified emissions

For every ton of reported CO2 emissions, one EUA must be purchased and submitted to the EU, with EUAs priced according to demand on exchanges such as ICE, EEX and Nasdaq.

The cost of compliance is expected to be significant and will keep increasing with the phased implementation, with the lines passing on the cost in the form of a standalone ‘Emissions Surcharge’ defined on trade basis. 

The Loadstar shared surcharge estimates for all the top carriers. 

Carriers have indicated that surcharge amounts will be reviewed on a monthly or quarterly basis as the volatile price of EUAs adds another layer of complexity to the surcharge, making it hard for the lines to predict how much they will cost.

In their latest Customer Advisory Maersk have stated that only bookings where the Load Port and/or Discharge Port of the ocean journey is located in the EU/EEA scope will be charged with the emissions surcharge.

However, for all bookings from China Maersk will add the EU ETS emissions surcharge to the base freight rate instead of an additional surcharge for regulatory reasons. 

This is a complex and evolving issue, which we will continue to monitor, sharing important developments, because the ETS surcharge, including its methodologies are subject to change.

The cost of ETS compliance for the lines will be significant and will keep increasing with the phased implementation.

EMAIL Andrew Smith, Chief Commercial Officer, if you would like to learn more, or have concerns about any of the issues raised here.

Category: EU

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